SQL Functions: A function is a special type of command word in the SQL99 command set. In effect, functions are one-word commands that return a single value. The value of a function can be determined by input parameters, as with a function that averages a list of database values. But many functions do not use any type of input parameter, such as the function that returns the current system
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Function
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Syntax
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Example
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Result
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Working With Character
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|||
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LOWER
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LOWER (expression)
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LOWER (‘SQL Course’)
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sql course
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UPPER
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UPPER (expression)
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UPPER (‘SQL Course’)
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SQL COURSE
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INITCAP
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INITCAP (expression)
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INITCAP (‘SQL course’)
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Sql Course
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CONCAT
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CONCAT (expression1, expression2)
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CONCAT (‘Hello’, ‘World’)
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HelloWorld
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SUBSTR
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SUBSTR (expression, m[,n])
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SUBSTR (‘HelloWorld’,1,5)
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Hello
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LENGTH
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LENGTH (expression)
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LENGTH (‘HelloWorld’)
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10
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INSTR
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INSTR (expression, ‘string’,[,m],[n])
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INSTR (‘Bangladesh’, ‘a’, 1, 2)
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6
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LPAD
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LPAD (expression, n, ‘string’)
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LPAD (salary, 10, ‘*’)
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*****24000
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RPAD
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RPAD (expression, n, ‘string’)
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RPAD (salary, 10, ‘*’)
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24000*****
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TRIM
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TRIM (leading | both, trim_character from trim_source)
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TRIM (‘H’, from ‘HelloworldHHH’)
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elloworld
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REPLACE
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REPLACE (text, search_string, replacement_string)
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REPLACE (‘JACK and JUE’, ‘J’, ‘BL’)
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BLACK and BLUE
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Working With Number
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|||
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ROUND
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ROUND (expression, n)
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ROUND (45.926, 2)
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45.93
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TRUNC
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TRUNC (expression, n)
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TRUNC (45.926, 2)
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45.92
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MOD
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MOD (m, n)
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MOD (1600, 300)
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100
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MONTHS_BETWEEN
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MONTHS_BETWEEN (date1, date2)
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MONTHS_BETWEEN (’13-Sep-13’,’12-Sep-1995’)
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216.064007
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Working With Date & Time
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ADD_MONTHS
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ADD_MONTHS (date, n)
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ADD_MONTHS (’11-JAN-95’, 6)
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11-JUL-95
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NEXT_DAY
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NEXT_DAY (date, ‘char’)
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NEXT_DAY (’01-SEP-95’, ‘FRIDAY’)
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08-SEP-95
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LAST_DAY
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LAST_DAY (date)
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LAST_DAY (’01-FEB-95’)
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28-FEB-95
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ROUND
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ROUND (date[, ‘fmt’])
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ROUND (SYSDATE, ‘MONTH’)
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01-SEP-13
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TRUNC
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TRUNC (date[, ‘fmt’])
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TRUNC (SYSDATE, ‘YEAR’)
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01-JAN-13
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